System Components
Computer come in many size- from computers that occupy entire rooms,to notebook-sized computers to computers as small as your fingernail Although computer hardware is the most visible part of a computer,it is merely one part of a computer system, a system is a collection of elements that work together to solve a specific problem. regardless of size, every computer need the other components of the system to produce results. Components of a computer system are: 1. People 2. Data 3. Procedures 4. Software These components are integral to every computer system,as illustrated. Every time you use a computer to generate information,you become one of the five system,components. People use procedures to control data that is processed by hardware detailed software instruction.
People
Computer system are developed by people and people. People build and control computer system to help them make decisions,solve problem,and be creative. The components of a computer system are brought by people, These people fall into two categories:computer users and computer professionals.
Computer Users
The driving force behind the development of computer system are the computer users. Users identify problem and then direct the computer system to produce information that supports solutions. People's demands for answers and assistance push forward the development of new computer technology. A computer user applies the information produced by a computer. For example,money through an automatic-teller machine (ATM),or watches a movie animated by a computer . At times you may become a computer user by circumstance rather then by action that depends on a computer. Weather forecasts result from computer analysis of weather data. Indirectly, the information a computer provides influences your decision. In many situations like this, but not by direct choice. you can however, choose whether or not you will be an informed user.Informed users understand how the components of a computer system work together to perform a task. they know the capabilities and limitation of a computer. Most important,informed user can employ computer output for their own benefit and for the benefit of others. Increasingly,users in all types of jobs are satisfying their computer needs without the need for specialists through and-user computing. This implies that the end user is responsible for data entry,computer operations,and utilizing the resulting output. Many of these people go on to become user-developers,who design and test their own computer applications. As a result,end-user computing had allowed them to meet their own processing needs with minimal aid from computer professionals.
Computer Professionals
Computer Professionals are peoples who work directly with the development and operation of computer technology. Some computer professionals help users design computer assisted solutions. Others operate and repair the computer equipment. Management of data,and-user training,and all computer acquisitions in an organization are the responsibilities of computer professionals. Interesting computer-oriented career opportunities are found in system development,operations,and management.
Data
The second component of a computer system,data,represents facts about people,things,ideas,and events. for example,glasses,a video of a bicycle race,brown hair,Lincoln's Gettysburg Address,and six feet tall all are items of data. taken individually,that have little to do with each other. When data items are combined and processed to from information,however,these items have meaning for people. From the above list,glasses,brown hair,and six feet tall can be extracted. Combined on a driver's license,these data items could from a partial description of your brother. These same pieces of data in another situation could be describing Abraham Lincoln. If Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is heard while pictures of Civil War battle fields are shown,this information can make a history lesson more interesting. The racing video combined with the coach's comments describing the cyclists' styles could be used to improve an athlete's performance or teach racing techniques to others.
Procedures
Procedures the third component of computer system. They are systematic courses of action that help people use software,data and hardware. Procedures identify what needs to be done and how to do it properly. They also help new users understand how to work with computer systems and what to do if something goes wrong . A typical set of procedures for a session with a personal computer might include the following. 1 Turning on all the hardware components of a computer system 2 Formatting a new disk 3 Running an application program 4 Inputting text and scanning related photographs 5 Verifying the correctness and completeness of the data entered 6 Saving the input on a formatted disk 7 Preparing the printer for output 8 printing a document 9 Copying data files onto a second disk as backup 10 turning off the hardware
Software
Software is the final computer system component. These computer programs instruct the hardware how to conduct processing . The computer is merely a general-purpose machine that requires specials software to perform a given task.. Computer can input calculate,compare,and output data information .Software determines the order in which these operation are performed . Like data ,programs are stored on tapes or disks when not in use. When needed,the computer reads the programs from storage hardware into the computer's memory. the instruction in the programs then direct processing . Programs usually fall into one of two categories: application software and system software.
People
Computer Users
The driving force behind the development of computer system are the computer users. Users identify problem and then direct the computer system to produce information that supports solutions. People's demands for answers and assistance push forward the development of new computer technology. A computer user applies the information produced by a computer. For example,money through an automatic-teller machine (ATM),or watches a movie animated by a computer . At times you may become a computer user by circumstance rather then by action that depends on a computer. Weather forecasts result from computer analysis of weather data. Indirectly, the information a computer provides influences your decision. In many situations like this, but not by direct choice. you can however, choose whether or not you will be an informed user.Informed users understand how the components of a computer system work together to perform a task. they know the capabilities and limitation of a computer. Most important,informed user can employ computer output for their own benefit and for the benefit of others. Increasingly,users in all types of jobs are satisfying their computer needs without the need for specialists through and-user computing. This implies that the end user is responsible for data entry,computer operations,and utilizing the resulting output. Many of these people go on to become user-developers,who design and test their own computer applications. As a result,end-user computing had allowed them to meet their own processing needs with minimal aid from computer professionals.
Computer Professionals
Data
Procedures
Procedures the third component of computer system. They are systematic courses of action that help people use software,data and hardware. Procedures identify what needs to be done and how to do it properly. They also help new users understand how to work with computer systems and what to do if something goes wrong . A typical set of procedures for a session with a personal computer might include the following. 1 Turning on all the hardware components of a computer system 2 Formatting a new disk 3 Running an application program 4 Inputting text and scanning related photographs 5 Verifying the correctness and completeness of the data entered 6 Saving the input on a formatted disk 7 Preparing the printer for output 8 printing a document 9 Copying data files onto a second disk as backup 10 turning off the hardware
Software
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